Research, data and field notes on what it actually takes to speak another language — and why knowing one on paper is not the same as speaking it.
Every language takes effort. This measures how much, for 65 of them, in a single unit — and shows exactly where that effort goes: vocabulary, writing, grammar, real-time processing, irregularity, pronunciation.
Read the article →Effort points for six of the 65. One point is the effort of learning one ordinary word from scratch.
We build speaking practice, which means we spend a lot of time on questions that turn out to have measurable answers. How far apart are two languages, really. Which half of the work can only be done out loud. What actually changes when a learner starts talking instead of studying.
When the answer is worth writing down, it goes here. Everything is sourced, the numbers are shown, and the limits are stated.
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